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ALEXANDRIA, Va. (AP) — A Virginia man accused of threatening on Facebook to detonate pipe bombs on the D.C. subway system was ordered Tuesday to undergo a mental evaluation.

Awais Younis, a native of Afghanistan, was arrested last week and charged with communicating threats across state lines. Younis, 25, who lives in Arlington, described to a friend last month during a Facebook chat how he could build a pipe bomb with specific types of shrapnel to cause maximum damage on the Metro system, according to a sworn statement from an FBI agent. He also discussed planting pipe bombs underneath a sewer head in D.C.’s Georgetown neighborhood.

When the friend suggested he was not serious, Younis responded “Watch me.”

The friend alerted the FBI. In a subsequent Facebook chat, Younis threatened the unidentified tipster and told her that “the problem with Americans they cant leave well enough alone until something happends then they sit there wondering why we dropped the twin towers like a bad habit.”

Authorities arrested Younis, who also used the name Sundullah “Sunny” Ghilzai, on Dec. 7, two days after the second chat. The arrest was first reported by The Washington Examiner.

Younis’ attorney, federal public defender Todd Richman, declined comment Tuesday.

U.S. Magistrate Judge Ivan Davis has ordered Younis remain jailed pending a mental health evaluation. Another hearing is scheduled for Dec. 21.

The case against Younis differs from the recent arrest of Farooque Ahmed, who was charged in October with conspiring with people he thought were al-Qaida members to bomb the D.C. Metro system. In the Ahmed case, prosecutors brought terrorism charges against Ahmed after a monthslong investigation in which Ahmed met with undercover operatives to advance what he thought was an al-Qaida plot.

Younis was not charged under terrorism statutes and never conspired with undercover operatives.

Justice Department spokesman Dean Boyd said in a statement that Younis has not been charged with any federal terrorism violation.

“The public should be reassured that his activities prior to his arrest were carefully monitored and that there is no threat against Metrorail or the general public in the Washington, D.C. area,” he said.

Reference research: beauty research and home research and general research and recent update




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Another easy way to get blog jobs is to approach other bloggers.

Here are five topics for research in education. The perfect gift for the college student wondering what to select as a topic, or the educational professional seeking to enlighten us with a breakthrough or two.

What nutritional elements elevate learning abilities?

Are there foods that aid in the educational process? Certainly there are foods to be avoided, such as an excess of sugar and the caffeine laden drinks that send my fourth grade students bouncing off the walls. There are the “New Age,” well intentioned, but ill informed folks, who would have us eat nothing but dandelion leaves. There are the hucksters promoting their “overnight weight loss/increased sex drive/mind calming/IQ enhancing wonder diets,” each bearing the disclaimer, “these findings are not substantiated by scientific research.” But is there any real scientific data out there? I’d be fascinated to learn.

What methods most greatly encourage elementary school students to read for pleasure?

What is the psychology behind the impetus some students feel, and some students will never experience? Is there a proven existent paradigm for greater success? What are the latest and most promising approaches? How do I break down the reluctant reader and infuse them with a least a cursory desire to read? All of these questions spark my intense interest.

Are newly arriving freshmen college students better or more ill prepared academically than 1966’s freshmen?

Educators decry the state of affairs of all things educational, and routinely proclaim a crisis is coming or already upon us. But just as every generation in America has resisted and maligned the favored music of their offspring, I suspect this educational outrage is equally ongoing and unending. Is there data supporting the claims that today’s freshmen are more ill equipped to deal with college life?

How does physical movement benefit brain development in elementary students?

I was amazed to learn of the correlation between regular physical movement and brain development in young children. What programs exist that would aid in my bringing movement - and by extension, greater brain development – to my students? What are the latest research findings on physical education’s impact on other areas of learning? What is the physiology involved?

How does art instruction influence other academic progress?

I infuse all my courses with art, and have found it tremendously helpful in capturing the attention of my students. I want to learn more about how art impacts student development, both to make myself better able to utilize this tool and to give myself greater justification for using it. I want to glean all the latest and most well documented research that supports my view that art instruction compliments all other subject lesson planning, captures the attention of a segment of students who would otherwise remain apathetic, and broadens the academic universe of all students.

As this is one of my own personal favorite topics, I'll throw in a thesis, free of charge.   “Art instruction in elementary school curriculums – often among the first targets of politicians seeking to balance budgets – is a powerful and practical educational tool, with far reaching and often underappreciated benefits.”

Possible subtopics include art as a means to reach at-risk and otherwise educationally challenged students; how art instruction gives students a welcome respite from more difficult subjects, re-energizes and makes them better able to focus; how art education compliments and augments standard educationally required subjects; statistical data suggesting (or proving) that students who receive instruction in art have higher grades and do better on standardized tests (assuming this is demonstrable). 

Let's see some data collecting out there!




Reference research: business research and home research and shopping research and recent update




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research groups

The similarities between scientific research and criminal investigation are the search for the conclusion or a cause of the effect. Both scientists and criminal investigators are specially trained in their field of practice. They tend to use similar methods of research and investigation the cause. Scientists as well as investigators both observe the surroundings, the facts, the areas involved in the research or investigations. They classify the data into categories this can be as simple as determining if it is valid or not valid. There is the use of logic, the formation of a hypothesis or a theory as to why and what has occurred. Both sides must link information together to prove their hypothesis or conclusions. Both scientists and criminal investigators work in a systemic method which seeks accurate answers, not general conclusions.

So how can you tell which is which? It's not really that difficult once you understand the basic principles. Scientific research is a type of investigation which is systemic and basis its research on scientific methods which have been used in the past, and in relation to the scientific field. This type of research can be described as well organized, methodical, and precise. Scientists begin with an idea, a theory or a hypothesis. Scientists begin with an observation or description about what they intend to study/research. From these observations they form a hypothesis to explain their subject. They use the hypothesis to predict what may happen in the course of the research. The scientist begins to experiment or run tests based on their predictions about the hypothesis. They may also collect data about their observations to show that the hypothesis is either valid or not.
.
Criminal investigations begin with gathering documents and information. They begin to evaluate the facts about the events, or the crime. They use a systemic method to observe the details of the crime, as in who what where when why and how. They begin to piece things together, by assembling the facts and determining if the evidence gathered is useful or not. The hypothesis begins to form at this point which helps to link all the information gathered to the crime. The hypothesis in this sense is used to create a theory as to what happened, and the ability to define what has occurred. The hypothesis is an important part of the criminal investigation. The reason is that the investigator must prove or disprove the theory/hypothesis. Even more important for the investigator is to find the missing pieces, that are not ready available at the time. The investigator must be able to draw conclusions about the events but they must also be able to prove that the events did in fact occur.




Reference research: beauty research and health research and travel research and my bookmark page




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magnum research

Researchers are currently testing an artificial blood on unconscious patients and this is creating an ethics debate. The artificial blood is called PolyHeme and is made by Northfield Laboratories. Ethicists have weighed in on both sides of the ethics question.

The artificial blood has been tested in earlier hospital studies and most have shown it to be safe. However, there was one study on PolyHeme that was halted after 10 of 81 patients given it had heart attacks and two died. None of those receiving standard treatment had a heart attack. Those who are concerned about the ethics of the current study have pointed out that no one is being informed of this study.

The research on artificial blood works this way. The community where the testing is to be done is informed by researchers about the study. Those who do not wish to be part of the study in case they have a serious accident can opt to wear a special bracelet. If paramedics see no bracelet, they open a sealed envelope that tells them to give either a standard saline solution or the artificial blood. The artificial blood continues to be given for 12 hours once the patient reaches the hospital. There are several ethics problems posed by the research. In the first place, the community is really not being well informed about the existence of the test on artificial blood.

In 1996 Congress passed a law that allows a bypass of the rules on informed consent when dealing with an emergency, potentially life saving research. Supporters point out that PolyHeme, the artificial blood, could save as many as 100,000 lives a year in the U.S. Dr. Richard Garnellie says we don’t ask permission to commence CPR and that the ethics of testing artificial blood falls in the same area. “We kind of have a social contract to do the right thing already.”

Kelly Fryer-Edwards who studies ethics at the University of Washington Medical Center says that it would be difficult to find people to volunteer for a study of trauma patients because people don’t like to think about being in an accident. However, she feels that the attempt has been made to get informed consent. “You’re putting the responsibility on the person who wants to opt out…you have respected their autonomy by giving them that choice.” She feels that emergency research makes all approaches to research ethics go out the window—protecting subjects, getting informed consent.

Vera Sharaw, president of the Alliance for Human Research Protection is opposed to the research on artificial blood on ethical grounds. She says the study “is another one along that slippery slope that’s essentially demolishing your individual right not to become experimental subjects unless we give prior, voluntary, informed, comprehending consent.” She feels that the people who want to be in the study should be the ones wearing the bracelets.

Nancy King of the University of North Carolina has a third ethics concern. She agrees with those who support the experiment to use artificial blood in the field where blood can’t be typed. However she is opposed to its continued use for twelve hours after the patient has reached the hospital where it takes 20 to 30 minutes to type blood. She points out that giving human blood is the current standard of treatment once the patient reaches the hospital.

Several ethicists have pointed out that those most likely to be subjects of the research are from disadvantaged communities.

The University of California at San Diego School of Medicine has come up with the following questions for those interested in the ethics of research into artificial blood in emergency situations:

1. What ethical issues does this case raise for the process of informed consent?

2. Was the waiver of consent that exists for research involving emergency treatment appropriate in this case and if so, why?

3. From the community standpoint, who speaks for the interest of (potential) participants? Should more have been done to ensure their safety and well being and, if so, what?

4. In what circumstances, if any, is it ethically acceptable to draw a disproportionate share of its subjects from a disadvantaged community?

These are all good, difficult questions that should be answered by anyone interested in the ethics of giving artificial blood in emergency situations.







Reference research: beauty research and home research and shopping research and my bookmark page




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So you think blogging is easy huh?

Well you may be right if you're speaking about the United States and/or any other western country - but in China - Wei Wenhua was beaten to death simply because he was taking a photograph.

Was he photographing a violent gang war? Was he perhaps leaking secrets out of the country?

No, it was none of these. In fact it wasn't for any reason that you might imagine. According to the Xinhua News Agency, Wei was beaten to death by city inspectors who were involved in a fracas with local villagers on Monday.

The Xinhua News Agency is the official press agency of the government (employing 10,000 people) in the People's Republic of China (PRC.) There is only one other, called the China News Service.

The Chinese internet chat rooms are filled with rage, with thousands of people expressing their anger at the killing of Wei, a forty-one year old executive of "Water Resources Construction Co."

Qi Zhengjun, chief of the urban administration bureau in the city of Tianmen, lost his job over the incident, Xinhua reported Friday. No details known as yet as to why he lost his job and what his involvement might have been. Police have detained 24 municipal inspectors and are investigating more than 100 in the violent death of Wei Wenhua.

The killing has also drawn the (angry) attention of an international freedom of the press group: Reporters Without Borders. In a statement, they said:

"Wei is the first 'citizen journalist' to die in China because of what he was trying to film."

"He was beaten to death for doing something which is becoming more and more common and which was a way to expose law-enforcement officers who keep on overstepping their limits."

While he was literally being beaten to death, the man who had been in the car with Wei - Wang Shutang, said that Wei was shouting that he would delete the pictures and hand over his phone. Another eyewitness said he could hear Wei scream: "I surrender!"

Still this didn't stop the murderers, also known as "urban management officers" or cheng guan. The central Chinese province of Hubei was the world stage for this horror and all because villagers were protesting the continuation of waste being dumped near their homes.

When the trucks began unloading the rubbish anyway, a scuffle developed beween the city inspectors and the villagers.

Wei had been trying to record the protest by filming the violence with his cell phone, when more than fifty municipal inspectors turned and beat on him for five minutes. Five minutes would seem like an eternity in such a situation. The blogger was dead on arrival at the Tianmen hospital.

The Northeast News web site has an editorial condemning the violence:

"It's no longer news that urban administrators enforce the law with violence ..."

"But now someone has been beaten to death on site. It has brought us not surprise, but unspeakable anger."

The latest news is that more than one hundred people are being investigated by the police and four have been detained."

Sources:

CNN.com/Asia
http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/01/11/china.blogger/index.html?iref=topnews

Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua

Virtual Review:
http://virtualreview.org/china/zoom/442088/100-odd-investigated-for-beating-man-to-death




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research methods in psychology

The Seattle Biomedical Research Institute is doing research on malaria vaccines. They are wanting to find out if the vaccines work. Since they do not know if the vaccines work, they are looking for volunteers who will try the vaccines and then hold a cup of mosquitoes that are infected with the most deadly form of malaria to their arm so they are bitten. This study is a continuation of a study that start at Walter Reed Army Institute of Maryland is is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Since people are being asked to be infected with malaria, this brings up all kinds of ethical questions. First of all, would these people get seriously ill and even die? According to the researchers this would not happen and people would only have flu like symptoms for about a single day.

However, while the researchers may be able to try to control the mosquitoes to the best of their abilities, it is uncertain that these people may not have some type of allergic reaction or end up getting some type of disease or other infection from the mosquitoes.

Also, would malaria spread if these people are out in the community? Researchers say that the malaria will not get to a point where it is infectious from person to person. Most likely this is true since they know the research that has already been happening.

Of course, the volunteers are given $2,000 for participating. The researchers have said that this is mainly compensation for missing work or replacing funds used to get to the site and any other costs volunteers may incur.

While this sounds a little bit on the dangerous sides, there are benefits as a whole. People really do care about others in third world country who are often infected with malaria and do not survive because vaccines do not exist and they cannot afford the medication. Thus, people who want to make sure that vaccines will be available to these people may have an urge to volunteer for this program.

While I like the idea of getting vaccines to people in third world countries, no amount of money would make me go get a vaccine that may or may not work and be infected with a possibly deadly disease. While I know that only flu like symptoms should occur, I would be scared that something would go wrong.

I want to live my life and not be willingly infected with a disease. I would be scared that I'd have something in my body or have some type of reaction either to the vaccine or to the disease that would end my life suddenly.

While I know that I can't control the length of my own life, I can try to take care of myself so I have a good life. I want to be able to spend time with my friends, my family, and my dog. If anything were to happen because of this, the money, no matter how much of an amount, would not do me any good. While it could help my family, it would not ease the pain of the loss.

I'd rather earn my money honestly than making myself into a medical guinea pig.





Reference research: research Dr. and health research and shopping research and my bookmark page




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research proposal

You mean you had to GO to the library to do research?

Understanding Research Types:
Basic: Seeks to create new knowledge and is not directly related to technical or practical problems. Example: analyze the types of information systems used by people with disabilities.

Applied: Seeks to solve problems. Example: A study conducted on how information systems can be used to improve communication with people with disabilities.

Research Terminology:
There are many types of research and each type of research can utilize different methods for collecting information. This glossary can be utilized to clarify the research terms you may come across during your search. In addition, this glossary is a good resource for refining questions you may have of your professor regarding the assignment.

Case Studies: Examines in-depth the practices or trends of a single or limited number of groups. According to the Second Edition of the Dictionary of Sociology edited by Gordon Marshal, case studies include "descriptive reports on typical, illustrative, or deviant examples; descriptions of good practices in policy research; evaluations of policies after implementation in an organization; studies that focus on extreme or strategic cases; the rigorous test of a well-defined hypothesis through the carefully selected contrasting cases; and studies of natural experiments."

Empirical Studies: Research based on critical evaluation through observation or experimentation.

Experimental Research: Examines the relationship between two variables. This type of research conducts experiments on test and control groups to test a hypothesis about the relationship between two variables.

Historical or Interpretive Research Studies: By examining past events and procedures, this type of study attempts to predict future events or make suggestions for future actions. Types of historical or interpretive research studies include: biographical; histories of institutions and organizations; investigation of sources and influences; editing and translating historical documents; studying the history of ideas; or compiling bibliographies.

Qualitative Research: Observes the experiences of a particular group and attempts to understand the actions and reactions of the group. Field studies and ethnographic techniques are examples of this type of research.

Survey Research Studies: Examines small groups of the population in order to learn about the larger population. Observation of the smaller group produces data about the larger population. This data is used to predict future actions or results.

User Studies: Research that evaluates the way in which systems or institutions are utilized and how the needs of users can be addressed.

Identifying Research Articles:
Listed below are some clues to help identify research articles. However, it should be noted that numerous exceptions occur for all of the points listed below. Therefore, the following information should be used as a guideline when looking for research articles

Topic: Research articles tend to be highly specific in nature, relate to a particular field, or specialty within a field, and are written by authors who have done research in the field.

Audience: The target audience is other researchers, colleagues, students and specialists in the same field. Research articles are written for the scholarly community, rather than a general audience.

Language: The language of research articles is formal, generally does not use the first person, and includes jargon used in the field. Research articles are written to contribute to the knowledge base of the discipline.

Length: research articles can vary in length, but are typically five to fifty pages long.

Authors: Research articles may have numerous authors. The organization, institute or professional society the authors belong to will be listed.

Content: Generally the article is written at a sophisticated enough level that the reader will need to read the article more than once in order to understand and evaluate the article.

Identifying Refereed Journals:
Listed below are some clues to help identify refereed journals. However, it should be noted that numerous exceptions occur for any and all of the points listed below. Therefore, the following information should be used as a guideline when looking for refereed journals

Issue identification: Each issue has a publishing date, volume number and issue number. Generally a volume number is consistent throughout the calendar year, with each issue assigned a corresponding number e.g. vol. 55, issue 4.

Length: A refereed journal may have one to fifty articles, with most having eight to eighteen.

Advertising and graphics: Very little, if any, advertising is included in refereed journals. Any advertising that is included will directly relate to the field. Generally journals of this nature do not have photographs and use black print on white paper. The size of the journal may vary in size from a small paperback size to a large magazine format.

Table of contents: In addition to research articles, refereed journals may contain book reviews, literature reviews, and essays. Therefore, just because an article is published in a refereed journal, it does not necessarily mean that it is a research article!

Publishing: Refereed journals are usually published regularly - once a week, once a month, every quarter, or annually. The majority of journals are published four to six times per year and are often published by a professional society, organization or research institution.

Editorial board: Refereed journals have a peer review process. The editorial board is listed (generally at the beginning of the journal) along with the organizations they are affiliated with. Information about what types of papers are chosen for publication, the selection process, the length of papers accepted, and how to submit a paper is also provided.

Indexing: A listing of where the refereed journal is indexed is often provided.

Title: The title of a refereed journal usually has an "academic" sounding name.

Availability: The location, call number, and availability of the journal can be determined by using the online catalog.

Refereed Materials:
Refereed materials are publications reviewed by "expert readers" or referees prior to the publication of the material. After reading and evaluating the material, the referee informs the publisher if the document should be published or if any changes should be made prior to publication. Refereed materials are also referred to as Peer Reviewed. Refereed materials are significant to the research and the literature of library and information science because they assure readers that the information conveyed is reliable and timely.

Non-Refereed Materials:
Non-refereed materials such as Trade Journals or Magazines use less rigorous standards of screening prior to publication. In some publications, each article may be only screened by the publication's editor. While knowledgeable, no editor can be an authority on all the subject matter printed in a journal. Other non-refereed materials accept almost anything submitted in order to have something to print. The term "scholarly materials" is often used to describe refereed materials, but this term is not exclusive to refereed material. Non-refereed materials may not by scrutinized as intensely as refereed materials, but they can still be considered scholarly.

Locating Materials:
Databases are repositories of article information from journals, magazines, conferences, and sometimes books and newspapers. Databases cover a wide range of topics. Some databases offer a full text feature that links you directly to an article, so you can download and print it directly off the Internet. Explore databases that you use regularly to determine if they have this feature (usually denoted by an "FT" next to the article citation).

Evaluating On-line sources:
Online sources can be a valuable tool if you know how to accurately assess the value and validity of the online information source. In trying to determine the validity of a webpage, it is useful to see what type of organization publishes the page. Sites ending in .edu or .gov are generally more accurate and trustworthy than most, since they emanate from academic and governmental organizations. It is important to verify that you are not looking at a student page located on an academic server, which may or may not be as trustworthy as a page produced by the school. Another element to be cautious of when evaluating your potential source is bias. For example, if you are looking at a commercial site, are they accurately portraying information, or bending the truth to fit their needs? The next criterion to evaluate is accuracy. Begin by looking for spelling mistakes, poor grammar, and typos. Next, look at the sources quoted within the page. Are they well-known, trusted sources and people with expertise in the field at hand? If the page is valid, accurate, and published by a trusted source, then it is generally considered acceptable for research purposes.

Search Strategies:
Your search strategy will vary depending upon which database you are using. Research articles' abstracts & include terms that most non-research articles' abstracts do not. Some examples of these terms are methodology, hypothesis, research, experiment, etc. You can search the field "Words Anywhere" for these terms while simultaneously searching for the keywords of your topic. If you retrieve too many or too few hits, narrow or expand your search by adding or dropping search terms.




Reference research: research Dr. and computer research and sport research and my bookmark page




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research methods in psychology

Researchers are currently testing an artificial blood on unconscious patients and this is creating an ethics debate. The artificial blood is called PolyHeme and is made by Northfield Laboratories. Ethicists have weighed in on both sides of the ethics question.

The artificial blood has been tested in earlier hospital studies and most have shown it to be safe. However, there was one study on PolyHeme that was halted after 10 of 81 patients given it had heart attacks and two died. None of those receiving standard treatment had a heart attack. Those who are concerned about the ethics of the current study have pointed out that no one is being informed of this study.

The research on artificial blood works this way. The community where the testing is to be done is informed by researchers about the study. Those who do not wish to be part of the study in case they have a serious accident can opt to wear a special bracelet. If paramedics see no bracelet, they open a sealed envelope that tells them to give either a standard saline solution or the artificial blood. The artificial blood continues to be given for 12 hours once the patient reaches the hospital. There are several ethics problems posed by the research. In the first place, the community is really not being well informed about the existence of the test on artificial blood.

In 1996 Congress passed a law that allows a bypass of the rules on informed consent when dealing with an emergency, potentially life saving research. Supporters point out that PolyHeme, the artificial blood, could save as many as 100,000 lives a year in the U.S. Dr. Richard Garnellie says we don’t ask permission to commence CPR and that the ethics of testing artificial blood falls in the same area. “We kind of have a social contract to do the right thing already.”

Kelly Fryer-Edwards who studies ethics at the University of Washington Medical Center says that it would be difficult to find people to volunteer for a study of trauma patients because people don’t like to think about being in an accident. However, she feels that the attempt has been made to get informed consent. “You’re putting the responsibility on the person who wants to opt out…you have respected their autonomy by giving them that choice.” She feels that emergency research makes all approaches to research ethics go out the window—protecting subjects, getting informed consent.

Vera Sharaw, president of the Alliance for Human Research Protection is opposed to the research on artificial blood on ethical grounds. She says the study “is another one along that slippery slope that’s essentially demolishing your individual right not to become experimental subjects unless we give prior, voluntary, informed, comprehending consent.” She feels that the people who want to be in the study should be the ones wearing the bracelets.

Nancy King of the University of North Carolina has a third ethics concern. She agrees with those who support the experiment to use artificial blood in the field where blood can’t be typed. However she is opposed to its continued use for twelve hours after the patient has reached the hospital where it takes 20 to 30 minutes to type blood. She points out that giving human blood is the current standard of treatment once the patient reaches the hospital.

Several ethicists have pointed out that those most likely to be subjects of the research are from disadvantaged communities.

The University of California at San Diego School of Medicine has come up with the following questions for those interested in the ethics of research into artificial blood in emergency situations:

1. What ethical issues does this case raise for the process of informed consent?

2. Was the waiver of consent that exists for research involving emergency treatment appropriate in this case and if so, why?

3. From the community standpoint, who speaks for the interest of (potential) participants? Should more have been done to ensure their safety and well being and, if so, what?

4. In what circumstances, if any, is it ethically acceptable to draw a disproportionate share of its subjects from a disadvantaged community?

These are all good, difficult questions that should be answered by anyone interested in the ethics of giving artificial blood in emergency situations.







Reference research: business research and home research and sport research and my bookmark page




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research methods for the behavioral sciences

How often does a newspaper, magazine, or net source publish reports of a test or study? It's difficult to read any source without finding some research cited. But not all research data is created equally, nor is every study definitive.

You've probably heard that statistics can be used in any number of ways, to prove points valid and invalid. Propaganda uses statistics-often from the same research of the individuals/groups the propaganda is railing against.

It's important to be able to evaluate the study findings and research reported. All too often what we read are the headlines-after all, they are meant to catch our attention-and spend less time on the details of the reports. But people can make decisions based on poorly developed studies and skewed research data.

Remember when eggs were thought to be a healthy food, then years later they were nearly verboten, and once again they are enjoying a comfortable place in our diets? Coffee is good; coffee is bad; coffee is acceptable again. These are relatively innocuous examples of various study results printed over the years. But much of the research printed is about topics that can affect our health, our finances, our quality of life.

How do we go about evaluating the information that bombards us from every direction? First we have to look at who/what was behind a particular piece of research?

For example, was a pesticide company the funding source for a study on the safety of chemicals used in pest control? Funding sources are not always evident, but if the information interests you, with a little delving on your part, you can find out this important information.

Research that begins by trying to prove a certain point or move in a particular direction is not research that will provide unbiased results. Limitations of analysis are ignored; some data may be ignored-anything that doesn't point to the central idea behind the research will be dismissed.

Be wary of research that doesn't address other sides of the issue. There is rarely one perspective on available information-if so, there wouldn't be much need for research. Open-ended thinkers and researchers will address alternative views, if only to show how this particular study/research logically makes those alternative views less forceful.

When you read about studies involving groups of people, it is important to note how many people were involved in the study, what criteria was used to choose those who took part in the study. The smaller the group of people involved in the study, the less reliable the outcome will be.

Over what period of time did the study take place? For example, in medication studies, a short time period might indicate that potential side effects did not have sufficient time to develop. Reports of such a study that show few side effects were found might not represent the truth of the matter.

A valid study can be replicated. Are there other studies on the same issue? If so, what conclusions did those studies reach? Evaluate the additional studies by the same criteria used for the initial results.

What credentials does the study/research author have? Are there reputable references cited in the material? Does the tone of the information attempt to persuade or is it presented objectively?

All these questions and more will aid you in evaluating the quality of the material you read, no matter the media source. In this era of information overload it may seem overwhelming to take the time to evaluate what you read, but it is important that you do before you alter your way of life based on inferior information.




Reference research: finance research and law research and sport research and recent update




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Las Vegas Hotel: Planning A Las Vegas Vacation

If you plan to spend a vacation in Las Vegas, then you are not alone. Every day, tourists pour into the Las Vegas gambling, entertainment and shops. If you're not afraid, there are also classes for students with a parachute, both inside and outside. When planning vacations in Las Vegas, is the first issue, the problem will be to create a budget. Hotels are expensive, especially if they are in Las Vegas. In addition, the best book of the premises in a hurry, so that their tables in advance. Some of these have already been booked up to a year, Las Vegas Hotel, before going on the website of your favorite hotel or call and request that the date reservation.



Once travel and accommodation, it was decided, you must select the type of transport. If you're driving, or take action on rental cars or car checked the local mechanic to ensure its safety for the road trip. Many people overlook this step, but it is very important if you plan to ride. If you plan to organize a plane or train, make your reservations early to ensure you have a place. You can use the phone on the train to make sure that vehicles are waiting for your arrival, or including the rental car or the driver.



If the train is late, keeping her updated driver can be the difference in charge,, Las Vegas Hotel, or normal speed. The air is different, however, such as mobile phones are not authorized for use in the aviation sector. If you know the arrival time of the flight, try to call ahead to confirm airport transportation before arriving at your luck Lady Vegas.If vocation your vacation in Las Vegas on the ticket. Casinos are open 24 / 7 and have a lot of games, including tables and slot machines. If you join to show during the holidays in Las Vegas on tickets in advance.



You can take in cash the day of the show or post it to your home, if there is sufficient time for arrival to departure date.For rash has indoor and outdoor skydiving lessons, they enjoy their vacation in Las Vegas. Indoor lesson includes a short training, following the experience of the wind tunnel. After filing prepared in compliance with parachuting, goggles, helmets, caps, gloves and boots, those individuals in the wind tunnel, where he will face a wind machine 120 miles / h. As one student is 6.



12 meters in the air, the winds give them a sense of skydiving, Las Vegas Hotel, experience itself. Indoor Skydiving lessons are ideal for, Las Vegas Hotel, those who are on vacation in Las Vegas who wants to try skydiving, but there is a fear heights.If planning a vacation to Las Vegas as part of your wedding and / or experience in the moon honey will be pleasant encounter a number of chapels and special rates for newlyweds. For more information, please call Visitor Center or in Las Vegas Chamber of Commerce.



Regardless of the purpose of your planning a vacation in Las Vegas, a city that does not disappoint.

Las Vegas Hotel: Travel Around in Los Angeles - City's Public Transportation Info

So I'm in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California jewel. This is one of four major cities of the United States, the other three are New York, Chicago, Las Vegas. You may have arrived here for shopping, romance or just a trip from Los Angeles to think. In any event, the purpose is served in Angeles.Places driving in Los Angeles owned visitLos enough, if you want to see the beauties of the city. There are many sources of risk that has toppled. Hollywood Walk of Fame place to be. Here you can see many celebrities making the rounds of their flashy car if you're lucky.



County Museum is also a favorite spots.You get to see Universal Studios and audits. Elysian Park is another place where you can relax in the easy and let time pass. There are other areas that can be made to cover the whole essence of Los Angeles travel.There large number of hotels, where the luggage. You will receive a rich set of luxury, exclusivity, convenience and budget, and the chain of boutique-style hotel. Although not stay there and have a house, or better, to live at home, you can always look at the beautiful buildings that serve as hotels.



How reach places? Transportation is always a cause for division of the city. And when the city is always full of tourists, would feel the crowd of carriages and wagons for the revision of many people. Strange, but true! Thank God, Los Angeles is fully equipped to transport infrastructure. This is another reason that Los Angeles has a lot of respected.ShuttlesIf trip flight to catch early morning or a day, do not worry if you can call Shuttle. Prices can be high, but there is a system that shuttles the demand for labor.



He remembers exactly what the weather will be a special place, for example, airport, railway station or in Hollywood. You know, this is correct in most cases. This train is very professional.Metro flow railMetro blood in the city since 1990. The environment friendly nature is a great incentive for the travel time because of the threat of global warming. Service is very diverse, and you get to cover nearly all of Los Angeles, if you feel well. What is a trip from Los Angeles, Las Vegas Hotel, without a deep underground? Metro operates mainly in six lines of color, blue, green, red, orange, purple and gold.



Orange is the best service and connected with a bus rapid transit. Wants to terminus.Blue line of Hollywood takes you to the beach, the Carnival in Long Beach. Other lines also, Las Vegas Hotel, make a great and vibrant city of higher education. Regardless of the metropolitan, Las Vegas Hotel, city there, becomes the center of the movement in Los, Las Vegas Hotel, Angeles, CA busesFor, Las Vegas Hotel, activity.Metro travel, buses near the subway line, and are very effective. Also, you should not board the train.



This is one point less for Metro rail, as the elderly, people with disabilities in ads is the use of railways as a half meter artery transportation.Metro local travel from Los Angeles. You have to be anywhere within a mile or because there are many stops and increases the price will be very convenient. It works fast network.Metro not just stop with just five or six places around the distance of travel. It works on some routes and is usually not interrupted by signals. In fact, the transponder to assist the police, which is Metro Rapid, and then the signal is allocated in earliest.



Metro Express is intended only for roads, expressways and highways. He stopped only when someone is called nature, or when you pass tolls.Los Angeles Travel Guide provides the necessary knowledge of the bus when they become available. The bus, second and third raised fares.Dash networkThey say their trip to Los Angeles was incomplete without a script. Downtown Los Angeles is a landscape very beautiful and great. To cover the six bus routes that operate Express, jointly known as the Dash. Above all, a visitor to use the bus service.



There are also some travel outside Los Angeles routes.So helped transport number of good manners. Not have enough options. Even if you're short of money, do not worry. Also included is transportation at low cost. Yes, speed is a bit 'slow on these funds economic

Las Vegas Hotel: Great Hotel Options in Las Vegas

Many people this year will be to plan your vacation on a budget. Who will try for tickets at reasonable prices. Components of your trip, you save, the more you can enjoy the journey. Some tourists prefer, Las Vegas Hotel, to use their savings to invest in hotel here.This attractive vacation in Las Vegas offers its visitors many different choices with regard to housing. Each budget will be published and there are places with, Las Vegas Hotel, reasonable prices, and the extraordinary. No matter what you are looking for housing.



Surely you will find great sites here.Some chains, which are very popular in this city, providing visitors with hotels at affordable prices. Comfort Inn and Fairfield Inn hotel options are fabulous. Options are particularly attractive for those who travel with their families. Presentation here to give exactly what you're looking for in the selection of chains as hotel.Those will have the opportunity to explore the wealth. There is much to, Las Vegas Hotel, do and see. Many tourists who chose to come to this city is the best way to live it.



Tours are available, allowing you to learn more about the history of the city. They show the excellent range of casinos, and attractions of this location.Adventure applicants may be looking for other types of travel. There are views of visitors a good air. These visits show that the city looks like from the sky. One of them is the Deluxe Air Tour This includes air transportation, excursions to the Great Canyon.As impressive to see the southern edge of the canyon, you will be surprised. Along with this goes a plane trip narrated by bus, too.



Another option is the Grand Canyon Air Helicopter Tour events. The visit highlights sites like Hoover Dam, Lake Mead, and most of the Grand Canyon. Hit and all its splendor, are included in these tourists adventures.Many focus on luxury hotels. These hotels bring millions of visitors to town every year. Great choice in this category, Bally's Hotel and Casino. This is a wonderful place that has existed for more than thirty years.Here away from fine dining, entertainment and other services, Las Vegas Hotel, .



Bally's Hotel and Casino is a casino on site for guests to enjoy. There are also good restaurants for guests to choose from. Some of these include the old word "al dente", Bally's Steakhouse, Ichiban Sushi and tequila bars and restaurants Grill.These reflect the essence of the proposals delightful city. Kitchen of these places are absolutely delicious. Any desire to find something that interests them. With all the activities and major attractions here, hotels, like Bally's Hotel and Casino used to improve your stay.



Understand why it is considered the world capital of entertainment.

Las Vegas Aladdin Hotel : Las Vegas Hotels Packages That Make You an Instant Winner

Find the best prices for hotels in Las Vegas packages much easier than many might think. Breaks at discounted prices in towns right around you, just know where to look. To find hotels in Las Vegas that are up to your standards simply do homework.All of us have seen in films and television shows in Las Vegas there are plenty of luxury suites. Some of these facilities are very luxurious and may include villas and penthouses, which are certainly very expensive. This is usually where the big boys business, great actors, celebrities and the rich, when staying in accommodation Vegas.



Luxury can be booked at very good price. Many hotel packages to Las Vegas is pretty cheap. And I mean the smart money. If you really need to save to stay in motels that Las Vegas a lot. You just need to know is not a luxury, in places stay.Many visitors to Las Vegas choose to stay in the heart of what is known as the Fremont Street. Here in Las Vegas, which was established in 50-ies of how Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin. Fremont Street has been completely renovated and is now a canopy that covers the entire length of, Las Vegas Aladdin Hotel
, the road.



In fact, includes the streets and the roof itself is a great display of lights and images that are pretty amazing package see.Many mixture Hotel in Las Vegas, an entertainment room. There are different types of entertainment that can be anything from Blue Man Group, to see Cirque Du Soleil. There are many shows that are smaller and less well-known artists throughout the strip and downtown Las Vegas.Many, which were built in the Las Vegas Strip in the last 20 years, you take your breath away. Some of these hotels are issues for them, like MGM, Paris, Tropicana, Aladdin, Venetian, Luxor, and others.



These properties are in billions of dollars, which are full of fun, but they are only for windows' s hotel packages in Las Vegas, Las Vegas Aladdin Hotel
, .You need to plan ahead if you wish to take a good deal with a hotel casino. There are agreements that can be found at the last minute, but you take what you get with it and to travel whenever they speak. This can be very interesting to do though.You can get good discounts through future planning, and plans to go to Las Vegas for a week, or perhaps sometimes out of season or in summer.



Another way to get a package discount if, Las Vegas Aladdin Hotel
, you book your hotel with booking. Much time will receive a courtesy or a dinner for the real little deal.To Sweet 'publicity to find special packages for hotels in Las Vegas, go to the Internet. The opening of these proposals will take only a few searches, but you'll be glad you did in the end. You can have a good time to do so.

Las Vegas Hotel: Book Cheap Plane Tickets For Your Dream Destinations

For travelers wishing to explore the world a little 'easier. Includes knowledge of destinations around the world - What is the climate, the stages, the important places to visit, activities to be used and what kind of food available, the most important festival, culture, people and much more. Perhaps the frequent flyer and learn the secrets of airline tickets - as they knew how to behave in the new location. Knowledge is always a good thing - especially if you can save money and effort, while on a family holiday, city break or place trip.



Every adventure tourism destination in the world, every country is a place for viewing. However, some points seem more attractive than others. Some prefer the African desert, while others, such as casinos and slot machines in Las Vegas. Anyone looking for cheap airline tickets to catch a flight to the destination choice. The passengers know what they want and are willing to spend money on adventure,, Las Vegas Hotel, travel packages, ski resorts and hotel rooms to get what they want. With the possibility of cheap airfare are doubly motivated to study the events that are worth thinking exploring.



Identifying and care of some things that can give you the best choice for cheap airline tickets. They, Las Vegas Hotel, are not secret or luxury evasive tactics. One of the secret key to reserve tickets in advance. If your trip for three, Las Vegas Hotel, months, you can book your tickets today. This will save a considerable amount of time. This gives you a reliable choice for cheap airline tickets. However, if you like a little 'adventure, and if you want to have less expensive options, as and when available, can be expected to offer last minute travel.



What do you think are unpredictable and may not be available for the purpose of your choice during his choice.Booking tickets online, compare options, and subscribe to the newsletter can also travel several pave the way for cheap airline tickets, regardless of destination. If you are lucky, you can get cheap air tickets for their dream trip to your favorite destination for next week. However, in most cases will have to wait a couple of weeks before they hit the jackpot on the road. Takes the form of a big party or trying to move along the ground on his knees.

Las Vegas Aladdin Hotel : The Top Gambler Destination - Las Vegas

Previously, the angle of the joint marketing of tourism in Las Vegas has been nicknamed "Sin City" in 1990 presented as a destination for a family friend, and then began to mature with his new motto: "What happens here, stay here. " Advertisers City wants to attract people from around the world in their adult site, full of endless gambling, alcohol, food and entertainment. This kind of magical place that can meet all the requirements and satisfy all fantasy.Las Vegas is a feast for the eyes, despite all the neon lights.



Skyline impressed with all the lights and massive shapes competing for attention. All hotels in combat early next year, with its theme, the introduction of documents, casino allegro, restaurants and entertainment. Las Vegas is not a bone body.Hotels bored, in general, what distinguishes the city of Las Vegas, because the items are so, Las Vegas Aladdin Hotel
, unique and very original. Are really incredible to see. Only the cult in other cities, like New York, Venice and Paris, to recreate smaller versions of them.



New York, New York, the reconstruction of streets sparkling Hotel Gotham. Hotel Experience Paris with a full copy of the Eiffel Tower. Venice hotel has a huge indoor canal with gondolas and gondoliers.There are a tribute to other issues, including Hollywood (MGM, Las Vegas Aladdin Hotel
, Grand), an ancient Roman palace (Caesar), Arabian Nights (Aladdin), pirates (Treasure Island) and others. However, there are good hotels, with no particular problems, such as two of the best hotels with casinos in Las Vegas, Bellagio and Wynn Las Vegas Hotel, but we offer luxurious accommodation and Entertainment Design luxury.



Vegas always with great Rat Pack Half of the 20th century and now Celine Dion. Magicians Siegfried and Roy, to entertain the crowd with their incredible illusions. Comedy, Danny Gans and Carrot Top perform regularly in Las Vegas and very, Las Vegas Aladdin Hotel
, popular with sight gags and quirky accessories. Vegas veteran artists such as Tony Orlando and Wayne Newton, still full houses night after night with his favorite music favorites.Two selection of most favorite past times in Las Vegas shopping and restaurants.



Most shops in hotels on the big screen in their lobby. And when the hunger, there is no shortage of fabulous food in Las Vegas. Las Vegas is no longer the city of $ 3.99 all-you-can-eat-buffets.But clearly the most important reason for visiting Las Vegas is a casino. There is a place for every budget, from nickel slots for the rooms booked for the opening of bids of more than $ 1000. games like Blackjack, Craps, Baccarat and attract millions of people every year groped luck at the tables, accompanied by attractive waitresses, handing out free drinks abundantly.



Amateur players visiting Las Vegas to recommend how much money to play before, and the remaining from the perimeter . In the end, Las Vegas is a destination for holiday fun and conventions, namely, that the proposal for the visitors, as they are, in practice some self-control in this area.

Las Vegas Hotel Aladdin the best Offer

September 15, 2004 - The online wholesale company, National Bureau of reservation is a leading provider of rooms across the country about 17 years. A hotel in Las Vegas Room Division in Las Vegas Reservation Bureau is the year 1973, making it the oldest order of service of its kind NRA has taken so long, not only because it is owned and managed at local, but because it has a solid reputation for the high level of customer service, Las Vegas Hotel Aladdin, in the industry. In fact, the National Office can book tickets at the 8th Annual NASCAR UAW-Daimler Chrysler 400 NASCAR Nextel Cup facilities in March.

Most cards are generally 20 national regulatory authorities, "said Bob Light, President of the National Bureau of booking. Sold Out Las Vegas Motor Speedway in rows 10 and above in sections 1 and, Las Vegas Hotel Aladdin, 2, the first space before the line "hole." Travelers participates in planning to attend a NASCAR race can be expected UXO their bookings as well as their Speedway tickets. In 1998 and 2002, the Nevada Commission on Tourism awarded by the National Bureau "Best Reservation Service in Nevada for booking hotel rooms in Las Vegas, the department, a tribute to the honor and a testimony to end their long dedicated website employees.

The nhrb.com dud a thousand numbers each week in a variety of unique hotel Las Vegas / Casino, Aladdin, Circus Circus, Excalibur, Harrah's, Luxor, MGM, Paris, Sahara, Stratosphere, and many others, even if other companies can use to be sold in hotels. NRA offers page for individual travelers on car rentals, show tickets, tours, ski mountaineering, and golf tee times booking in addition to hotels in Las Vegas. Working parties, weddings, meetings may, special events or sports teams may accommodated.

In addition to the convenient Call Center Web site NRA be reached seven days a week and a team of competent professionals who were known, Las Vegas Hotel Aladdin, for all hotels in Las Vegas filled and products offered. All hotels booking in Las Vegas and hotels are guaranteed at the national level, and has voted with the majority of credit cards. In order tickets for the NASCAR Cup in March it is in stock and get free information on hotels in Las Vegas is available, visit the National Bureau booking at www.

nhrb.com or call toll-free at 1 - 800-827-1817. About National Reservation Bureau National Reservation Bureau is a proud member of the Las Vegas Chamber of Commerce of Las Vegas and Visitors Authority and the Better Business Bureau. Your ward room Las Vegas hotel offers excellent customer service and quality hotels in Las Vegas for over thirty years.